The Rehan Lab @ York
Sandra Rehan, Associate Professor
 Department of Biology, York University
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
​
sandra.rehan@gmail.com
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Principal Investigator

Support our Research
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Sandra Rehan, Principal Investigator
My research focuses on social evolution and comparative genomics. My interests range from natural history and taxonomy to molecular phylogenetics and biogeography.  I also have a keen interest in wild bee biodiversity conservation and integrate community ecology, climate and land use change, environmental DNA, metagenomics and population genomics. I study solitary and weakly social bees to understand the genetic underpinnings and ecological constraints selecting for social behaviour. My work includes field observations to explore the life history and ecology of bees in their natural habitats and lab based experiments to investigate behavioural plasticity. I use genomics to uncover the genetic basis of group formation and transcriptomics to understand the epigenetic modifications involved with social experience.

Postdoctoral Researchers

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Sandara Brasil, Postdoctoral Researcher
I earned my Ph.D. in Ecology and Natural Resources from the Federal University of Ceará, Brazil. My dissertation research examined the population genomic status of the large carpenter bee Xylocopa grisescens and how the anthropogenic changes in the landscape impacted their genetic diversity. I have a robust background in population and landscape genomics and bioinformatics data analysis. Also, I am broadly interested in molecular ecology and evolution of native bees and the consequences of anthropogenic changes to their natural habitat. In the Rehan lab, I am currently a postdoc fellow using integrative genomic tools to examine the effects of urbanization and historic land use changes on native bee species.

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Kate Chau, Postdoctoral Research Fellow
I have always had a passion for working with animals and the environment which led me to pursue a career in environmental sciences. I specialize in conservation biology and genomics. My work spans environmental DNA to detect at-risk and invasive freshwater fish from tributaries in the Great Lakes to detection of selection patterns in various osmoregulatory and vision genes in Neotropical fishes that have experienced habitat and diet transitions. I am currently developing metagenomic tools to study urban wild bee populations to assess pollinator health, identifying threats and also looking for signatures of local adaptations, thus informing conservation practices.

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Michael Mikát, Marie Curie Postdoc Fellow
I am behavioural ecologist fascinated by social insects, parental care and sexual behaviour. I obtained my PhD from Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. My research focused on the natural history of European species of Ceratina small carpenter bees. I documented the first observations of biparental care in bees using combined foraging ecology and microsatellite techniques. For my postdoc, I plan to perform comparative analyses of Ceratina social behaviour and parental care strategies. Firstly, I will document natural history using nest collections and subsequently examine the fitness of sympatric solitary and social conspecifics using relatedness and demographic comparisons.

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Ben Pyenson, Postdoctoral Researcher
I study insects to explore the ways that animals form and maintain their social groups. I obtained my MSc from McGill and PhD from Arizona State University. From my experience studying solitary (i.e. crickets) as well as social species (i.e. ants), I am excited to examine how seasonally-dependent sociality of small carpenter bees can be maintained.  My research as a postdoctoral researcher in the Rehan Lab will unravel the relationship of gene regulation, behaviour, and neurophysiology that support their facultative sociality.

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Trevor Sless, Postdoctoral Researcher
I am an evolutionary biologist and geneticist fascinated by bees and their diverse array of life history strategies and ecological interactions. I completed my PhD at Cornell University, where my dissertation research focused on the evolutionary dynamics, phylogenetic relationships, and genomics of parasitic cuckoo bees. I enjoy applying molecular tools and data to address biological questions across a range of scales. As a postdoctoral researcher in the Rehan lab, my work investigates parasitic bee genomics, phylogenomics, microbial ecology and the structure and health of wild bee populations.

Graduate Students

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Anthony Ayers, MSc student in Biology
I am interested in the ecology and conservation of native bees within urban landscapes. I investigate the efficacy of urban green spaces and their ability to sufficiently sustain and maintain native bee communities. Specifically, I explore methods that can be used to best improve these areas and the resources within them, in part, by examining plant-pollinator interaction networks occurring within such spaces. Previously, I have participated in research examining how pollinator plantings affect native bee species richness and abundance in agricultural landscapes.

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Jesse Huisken, PhD student in Biology
I am fascinated by diversity in nature, in particular the ecology and evolution of social behaviour and castes. I am currently using experimental manipulation of observation colonies combined with transcriptomic research to understand plasticity in foraging behaviour, social environment and nutritional regulation of dominance hierarchies in the small carpenter bee (Ceratina calcarata). Jesse's excellence in research is recognized by a 2019 Toronto Entomological Association's Glenn Richardson Award, a 2020 Queen Elizabeth II Graduate Scholarship in Science and Technology, a 2021 Vernon Oliver Stong Graduate Scholarships in Science, and a 2022 Ontario Graduate Scholarship.

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Phuong Ngyugen, MSc student in Biology
I completed my undergraduate studies in Biomedical Science at York University. My honours thesis in the Rehan lab examined the developmental microbiome of wild bees. I find the different social behaviours of bees to be fascinating and I am particularly interested in studying bee health and landscape genomics. I am curious as to how urbanization and human land use affect the sociality of bees and would like to increase public awareness about the important roles of wild bees in our environment. My MSc thesis project in the lab examines the microbial ecology of wild bees across urbanization and agricultural land use gradients. Phuong's excellence in research is recognized by a 2022 Ontario Graduate Scholarship.

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Katherine Odanaka, PhD student in Biology
I have worked on bees in many different environments, including prairies, forests, and agricultural fields which have helped shape my broad research interests in both systematics and restoration. My MSc research examined wild bees as bioindicators of sustainable land use. For my PhD I am focusing on my fascination with cleptoparasitic bees, especially Nomada, and am examining in their systematics, taxonomy, and ecological roles. Katherine's excellence in conservation genomic research are recognized by a 2018 NSF GRF honourable mention, a 2019 Carswell PhD Scholarship, a 2020 MITACS Research Training Award, a 2022 Ontario Graduate Scholarship and the IUSSI Michener Award.

Research Associates

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Farida Samad-Zada, Research Technician 
I have a background in bioinformatics and NGS data analysis, having worked on a variety of different study systems throughout my career. Specifically, I am interested in using genomic data to address pressing issues in ecology. In one of my previous projects, I used data insights to inform sockeye salmon restoration initiative in British Columbia, where I became interested in applying bioinformatics tools to answer evolutionary questions that have direct management implications. In my current role as the Rehan lab Research Technician, I use genomics to study landscape ecology of wild bees across eastern North America, as well as help to develop genomic and transcriptomic databases to support wild bee conservation efforts. 

Undergraduate Research Students

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Claire Del Zotto, USRA/Honours Biology
I am a second year student in the honours biology program with an interest in ecology and sustainable development. My role in the Rehan Lab is to assist with a multi-year project on plant-pollinator interactions across urban landscapes. How pollinators interact with their urban surroundings is still widely unknown, making it an incredibly important focus of research. In learning more about this, the project aims to promote better allocation of green space throughout cities to help pollinator species thrive and continue providing essential ecosystem services for decades to come.

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Megan George, Honours Biomedical Science
I am a currently in my fourth year of undergraduate studies pursuing an Honours B.Sc. in the Biomedical Science program at York University. I have formed a great interest in examining wild bees across urbanization gradients and I am keen on exploring the effects of bee abundance in densely urban areas compared to park environments. In Dr. Rehan’s lab, I will have the opportunity to further my understanding on the effects of land use on relative abundance, body size and foraging effort and I am excited to learn more about urban ecology and biodiversity conservation of wild bees across varying land use types. I look forward to expanding my knowledge on wild bee conservation, while also gaining transferrable skills within the laboratory.​

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Bita Ghafarifarokhzad, Honours Biology
I am in my second year of undergraduate studies in the biomedical science program at York University with a great interest in conservation biology, evolutionary biology, and ecology. More specifically, I am passionate about the conservation of wild bee species of eastern North America and their interaction with wildflower species. This is an important research area because of the considerable decline of bees in North America due to the destruction of natural landscapes. In the Rehan lab, I am assisting with long-term biodiversity surveying projects to learn more about plant-pollinator interactions in urban green spaces in southern Ontario and how these areas can be improved.

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Nandini Gupta, Honours Biotechnology
I am a fourth year undergraduate at York University, majoring in biotechnology. I have a strong interest in genomics and am working on my honours thesis in the Rehan Lab. My thesis will focus on gene expression within specific regions of brain tissue of female Ceratina calcarata bees through scRNAseq. Through this project I will learn more about how gene expression is associated with different behaviours in the social environment. This experiment will provide the basis for future studies in spatial assignment of gene expression in C. calcarata brains.

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Christian Nakla, Honours Biology
I am a first-year undergraduate student at York University who is pursuing an Honours B.Sc. Biology degree. I am particularly interested in studying ecology and conservation biology, especially as it pertains to biological communities and ecosystems. As part of my research practicum experience in the Rehan Lab, I am excited to learn more about ecological influences that wild bee taxa have on ecological relationships and structures. I am keen to further my understanding on the nature of wild bees, all while developing and strengthening laboratory and field skills. Through my work, I am contributing to long-term wild bee studies pertinent to wild bee ecology and conservation.

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Mariam Shamekh, USRA/Honours Biology
I am a fourth year undergraduate Biology major with a great interest in studying bees and genetics. In the Rehan lab, I assist with field collection and behavioural observations of forager activity in small carpenter bee nests. My NSERC USRA project examined the role and effect of maternal care on the epigenetics and behaviour of Ceratina calcarata small carpenter bees. My honours thesis focuses on bioinformatics and developmental transcriptomics. I have a strong desire to learn more about the genetics and behaviour of bees.

Open Positions

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Research Opportunities
Interested in behavioural ecology, molecular phylogeny, or comparative genomics? We are currently looking for a lab technician, undergrads, grad students and postdocs to collaborate on a variety of projects. I am also keen to discuss funding opportunities and future projects. Please send me an email if you are interested in joining the lab.


Lab Alumni

Visiting Scholars
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2017-2019 Rebecca Dew, Australian Endeavour Research Fellow - Wild bee behavioural ecology
2015-2016 Michael Mikát, Charles University, Prague - Comparative sociobiology of small carpenter bees

Postdoctoral Scientists
2020-2021 Wyatt Shell, FFAR Postdoc Research - now co-founder My Home Park landscape design, MA
2019-2021 Evan Kelemen, NSF Postdoc Researcher - now Senior systems analyst at Bryan Stratton College, NY
2018-2019 Sabine Nooten, FFAR Postdoc Researcher - now Postdoc Fellow at the University of Würzburg
2017-2019 Célia Bordier, USDA Postdoc Researcher - now Postdoc at 
UMR INRA Save at INRA Bordeaux, France
2015-2018 Michael Steffen, NSF Postdoc Researcher - now R & D Scientist, Maine Molecular Quality Controls Inc.
2015-2018 Erika Tucker, USDA Postdoc Researcher - now Insect Collection Manager, University of Michigan
2014-2018 Sarah Lawson, NSF Minority Postdoc Fellow - now Assistant Professor, Quinnipiac University, CT

Graduate Students
2020-2022 Anthony Ayers, MSc Biology - Functional ecology and plant-pollinator networks across urban landscapes
                                                          - now PhD student, Rehan lab, York University
2019-2021 Jesse Huisken, MSc Biology - Foraging behaviour and social environment of small carpenter bees
                                                         - now PhD student, Rehan lab, York University
2015-2020 Wyatt Shell, PhD Biology - Behavioural genomics of small carpenter bees
                                                     - now Postdoctoral Researcher, Rehan lab, York University
2017-2019 Katherine Odanaka, MS Biology - Effects of land use on wild bee functional diversity
                                                               - now PhD student, Rehan lab, York University

​2016-2018 Robert Oppenheimer, MS Biol - Population genetics and relatedness of small carpenter bees
                                                            - now Agricultural Biotechnician, Invaio Sciences

2016-2018 Minna Mathiasson, MS Biology - Wild bee declines using museum data and plant pollinator networks
                                                             - now Masters of Civil and Environmental Engineering student, UNH
2014-2016 Nicholas Pizzi, MS Zoology - Cuticular hydrocarbons of the small carpenter bee Ceratina calcarata
                                                        -
now
Field Chemist, Tradebe Environmental Services  
2014-2016 Jacob Withee, MS Zoology - Behavioral genetics of aggression and social experience
                                                        - now 
Design Team Instructor, Science Museum of Minnesota
Undergraduate Students
2022-Present Nandini Gupta, Honours thesis - Bee brain atlas and comparative single cell gene expression
2022-Present Megan George, Honours thesis - Local and landscape fitness consequences on wild bees
2022-Present Christian Nakla, Research Practicum - Conservation ecology of native bees
2022-Present Claire Del Zotto, NSERC URSA - Urban ecology and plant-pollinator networks
2021-2022 Bita Ghafarifarokhzad, Research Assistant - Wild bee urban ecology and land use change
2021-2022 Nourallah Salem, Research Assistant - Microbial ecology across urban and rural landscapes
2021-2022 Merna Khair, Research Practicum/Honours thesis - Effects of land use on urban bee fitness
2020-2022 Mariam Shamekh, NSERC USRA/Honours thesis - Behavioural genetics and maternal care
2021-2022 Eliana Masellis, Volunteer - Landscape ecology of wild bees across urbanization gradients
2021-2022  Shon Lazarev, Research Practicum - Maternal care and bee brain gene expression
2021-2022  Kylie Tedeschi, Volunteer – Wild bee community ecology and functional traits
2021-2022 Shai Ginsberg, Honours thesis - Nutritional transcriptomics of worker production
2021-2021 Olivia La Piane, Research Assistant - Urban ecology of wild bees across land use gradients
2020-2021 Phuong Ngyugen, Volunteer/Honours thesis - Wild bee urban ecology and environmental stressors
2019-2020 Arshdeep Thuhan, Research Assistant - Community ecology and dietary needs of wild bees
2019-2020 Muna Mohamed, Volunteer - Museum curation and digitization of cleptoparasitic bees 
2019-2020 Bassam Tungekar, Research Practicum - Biogeography and molecular phylogeny
2019-2020 Alessia Schembri, Research Assistant - Behavioural ecology of wild bees
2019-2020 Yousaf Malik, Research Assistant - Population genetics of small carpenter bees across North America
2019-2020 Shelly Bard, Research Assistant - Field ecology and comparative ethology of small carpenter bees
2018-2019 Gianna Demarco, Research Assistant - Agroecology and behavioral plasticity of wild bees 
2018-2019 Hannah Pare, SURF scholar - Comparative genomics and behavioral ecology
2016-2019 Stephanie Gardener, Research Assistant - Comparative ethology of small carpenter bees
2018-2019 Josh Hall, REAP scholar - Wild bee community ecology and conservation biology
​2017-2018 Amy Denton, Research Assistant - Social evolution and comparative genomics
2017-2018 Kiley Kennedy, Research Assistant - Behavioral ecology of small carpenter bees
2016-2017 Cassidy Richard, BIOL 795 - Biodiversity and conservation of wild bees
2016-2017 Bailey Orvis, BIOL 795 - Comparative morphology and systematic entomology
2016-2017 Samson Lam, BIOL 795 - Historic declines in wild bee populations
2015-2017 Molly Jacobson, SURF Scholar/Honors Wildlife Conservation - Historic changes in bumble bees
2013-2017 Sean Lombard, REAP/SURF Scholar/Honors Biomedical Science - Comparative ecology and sociobiology
2015-2016 Alona Brosh, INCO 590/790 - Comparative morphology and social dominance
2014-2015 Krista Ciaccio, Honors Zoology - Ecological and evolutionary implications of maternal investment
2013-2015 Dusty Durant, GEN 795/Research Assistant - Gene expression and functional annotation
2014-2016 Cullen Franchino, INCO 790 - Foraging ecology of native bees
2014-2015 Lauren Giorgetti, ZOOL 795 - Comparative evolution of animal play behavior
2013-2015 Robert Hafford, GEN 795 - Comparative genomics and homology
2014-2015 Elizabeth Haas, REAP Scholar - Taxonomy and systematics of the native bees of New England
2015-2016 Salena Helmreich, Wheaton Scholar - Epigenetic regulation of caste determination
2015-2016 Kayleigh Kane, Honors Zoology - Nutritional regulation of caste determination
2014-2015 Martha Kelly, McNair Scholar - Bee biodiversity and conservation
2013-2015 Robin Levine, ZOOL 795 - Bee taxonomy and biodiversity
2015-2016 Corey Liss, SAFS 795/Research Assistant - Historical demography of native bees in New England
2014-2015 Ashlea Scruton, INCO 590 - Reproductive plasticity with social experience
2015-2016 Joseph St. Peter, ZOOL 795/Research Assistant - Diversity and sustainability of native bees
2013-2014 Anastasia Zielinski, ZOOL 795 - Phylogeography of small carpenter bees
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Spring 2022 lab photo: (front row) Nourallah Salem, Merna Khair, Mariam Shamekh, Phuong Nguyen, Farida Samad-zada, Bita Ghafarifarokhzad, Anthony Ayers, Sandara Brasil; (back row) Claire Del Zotto, Katherine Odanaka, Jesse Huisken, Sandra Rehan, Michael Mikát

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Fall 2018 lab photo: (back row) Sabine Nooten, Sandra Rehan, Rebecca Dew, Katherine Odanaka, Wyatt Shell;
(front row) Stephanie Gardner, Hannah Pare, Madeline Young, Celia Bordier

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Fall 2017 lab photo: (back row) Erika Tucker, Katherine Odanaka, Molly Jacobson, Wyatt Shell, Michael Steffen, Robert Oppenheimer; (front row) Sandra Rehan, Sarah Lawson, Rebecca Dew, Minna Mathiasson, Kiley Kennedy